老是: always...
人质: hostage...
咳嗽: to cough...
饭: cooked rice, (loanword) fan, devotee...
地名: place name, toponym...
后备: reserve, backup...
私房钱: secret purse, secret stash of money...
潮流: tide, current, trend...
错: mistake, wrong...
罪魁祸首: criminal ringleader, main offender (idiom); main culprit, main cause of a disaster...